Frecuencia de los alelos CYP3A5 en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y receptores de trasplante renal en un centro de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59594/iicqp.2026.v4n2.175Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, Trasplante de Riñón, Tacrolimus, Citocromo P-450 CYP3A, Polimorfismo Genético, NiñoResumen
Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los alelos CYP3A5*1 y CYP3A5*3 en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y trasplante renal atendidos en un centro de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú.
Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (estadios 3a, 3b y 5) y pacientes que recibieron un trasplante renal, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja entre febrero de 2019 y enero de 2020. La genotipificación del polimorfismo CYP3A5*3 se realizó mediante PCR-RFLP. El análisis de los datos se realizó con Stata versión 15.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 50 pacientes. Veintisiete pacientes (54,0 %) fueron de sexo masculino y la mediana de edad fue de 13,1 años (RIC: 8,6–14,9). La frecuencia del alelo CYP3A5*1 fue del 86,0 %, mientras que la del alelo CYP3A5*3 fue del 14,0 %. El 72,0 % de la población (n = 36) presentó el genotipo CYP3A5*1/*1, mientras que el 28,0 % (n = 14) presentó el genotipo CYP3A5*1/*3. No se observó el genotipo CYP3A5*3/*3.
Conclusiones: El alelo CYP3A5*1 fue el más frecuente en la población analizada. No se observó el genotipo CYP3A5*3/*3, asociado al fenotipo no expresor de la enzima CYP3A5. Estos resultados deben ser corroborados en estudios futuros con un mayor tamaño muestral y mediante técnicas moleculares complementarias que permitan fortalecer la confiabilidad de los hallazgos.
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