Publication fees

The journal does not charge any submission, processing, or publication fees (Article Processing Charges, APCs).

In addition, the journal does not apply fees for:

• language editing or translation services (language editing fees);

• use of colour figures or images (colour charges);

• article length or number of pages (page charges);

• institutional or individual memberships (membership fees);

• access, subscription, or print versions (subscription or print fees);

• or any other supplementary charges related to the editorial or publication process.

Therefore, no waiver or discount system is applicable, as publication in the journal is entirely free of charge for all authors, regardless of country, institution, or economic circumstances.