Thyroid cancer in a pediatric patient after transplant of hematopoietic progenitors for Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia Cáncer de tiroides en paciente post trasplantado de progenitores hematopoyéticos por leucemia linfoblástica aguda Philadelphia positivo en edad pediátrica

Abstract

Children with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have undergone a hematopoietic progenitor transplant (HPT) have recently experienced improved survival. However, there is a longterm risk of developing a second malignant neoplasm, thus requiring post-HPT follow-up. In patients
who required radiation therapy and chemotherapy prior to HPT, this preparatory regimen is considered a risk factor for neoplasms, such as thyroid carcinomas. We present the clinical case of a 15-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with ALL at the age of 7. She received a regimen of chemotherapy
and radiotherapy, and after achieving complete remission, she underwent an HPT in Miami. Seven years later, she presented with a thyroid gland tumor and underwent a total hyroidectomy and neck dissection, being diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer with metastasis. Recently, she was evaluated by the head and neck surgery team and showed no signs of recurrence on examination. This case demonstrates the
risk of the occurrence of second neoplasms after HPT, which is why each patient requires follow-up for early detection.