Indicadores de salud mental de los niños con trastorno del espectro autista durante la pandemia por COVID-19: una revisión de alcance
Mental health indicators of children with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
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Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha planteado desafíos de adaptación para los niños con el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) debido a la interrupción de rutinas y servicios de salud y educativos.
Objetivo: La revisión de alcance tiene como objetivo examinar e integrar la literatura sobre los indicadores de salud mental de los niños con TEA durante la pandemia de COVID-19, centrándose en aspectos emocionales, sociales, conductuales y cognitivos.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios en PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect y Cochrane Central entre enero y febrero de 2024.
Resultados: Se identificaron 25 estudios que exploraban diversos aspectos de los indicadores de salud mental en niños con TEA durante la pandemia. Solo tres de estos estudios desarrollaron una metodología que permitía evaluar los cambios pre y post pandemia mediante la creación de cohortes preestablecidas de seguimiento antes del brote. Aunque algunos de los estudios indicaron estabilidad o mejoras en los indicadores de salud mental, se identificaron varios factores que podrían empeorar los síntomas en estos niños como el estrés en los cuidadores, el bajo ingreso económico y la interrupción de terapias presenciales.
Conclusión: Los resultados de los estudios revisados no son concluyentes debido a limitaciones metodológicas en los diseños de investigación. Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de desarrollar enfoques metodológicos más sólidos y consistentes para evaluar el impacto de eventos estresantes como la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental de los niños con TEA, con énfasis en la creación de cohortes de seguimiento a largo plazo que permitan una comprensión más completa de los efectos a lo largo del tiempo.
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