Asociación entre la exposición a situaciones adversas en la niñez y cepillado dental adecuado en niños menores de 5 años en el Perú: análisis secundario de una encuesta nacional, en el año 2021

Association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adequate toothbrushing in children under 5 years in Peru: secondary analysis of a national survey in 2021

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José Calmet-Rojas
Rodrigo Chumbiauca Pomari
Dora Blitchtein-Winicki
Resumen

Ciertas situaciones en la infancia, como el castigo físico y la violencia de pareja en el hogar, pueden afectar la salud dental de los niños, lo cual puede desencadenar en el desarrollo de enfermedades estomatológicas y estrés psicológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre el castigo físico y la exposición a violencia física de pareja con el cepillado dental adecuado en niños peruanos menores de 5 años, a través de un análisis de datos secundarios de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2021. La asociación se evaluó mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson y función de enlace logarítmica. Los resultados se presentaron en razones de prevalencia (RP). La prevalencia de cepillado dental adecuado fue del 22,8 %. La prevalencia de cepillado dental adecuado fue 20 % menor en niños de madres que reportaron haber sido víctimas de violencia por su pareja, sin que sus hijos lo hayan presenciado, en comparación con aquellos cuyas madres no reportaron ser víctimas de violencia (RP = 0,80; IC 95 % = 0,71 a 0,91; p < 0,001). Asimismo, se observó una prevalencia 17 % mayor de cepillado dental adecuado en aquellos niños que recibieron palmadas como castigo físico de su padre o madre en comparación con aquellos que no recibieron castigo físico (RP = 1,17; IC 95 % = 1,05 a 1,31; p = 0,006). Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren la necesidad de incluir la violencia de pareja entre los factores potencialmente relacionados con el cepillado dental inadecuado.

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